Version: 2.0.0-alpha.71 🚧

i18n - Introduction

It is possible to translate a Docusaurus website through its internationalization support (abbreviated as i18n).

caution

i18n is a new feature (released early 2021), please report any bug you find.

Goals#

This section should help you understand the design decisions behind the Docusaurus i18n support.

For more context, you can read the initial RFC and PR.

i18n goals#

The goals of the Docusaurus i18n system are:

Simple: just put the translated files in the correct file-system location.
Flexible translation workflows: based on Git (monorepo, forks or submodules), SaaS software, FTP...
Flexible deployment options: single or multiple domains.
Modular: allow plugin author to provide i18n support.
Low-overhead runtime: static json/markdown content does not require a heavy i18n JS library.
Acceptable build-times: allow building and deploying localized sites independently.
Localize assets: an image of your site might contain text that should be translated.
No coupling: not forced to use any SaaS, yet the integration is possible.
Easy to use with Crowdin: multiple Docusaurus v1 sites use Crowdin, and should be able to migrate to v2.
Good SEO defaults: setting useful SEO headers like hreflang for you.
RTL support: locales reading right-to-left (Arabic, Hebrew...) should be easy to use.

i18n goals (TODO)#

Features that are not yet implemented:

Contextual translations: reduce friction to contribute to the translation effort.
Anchor links: linking should not break when you localize headings.
Advanced configuration options: customize route paths, file-system paths.

i18n non-goals#

We don't provide support for:

Automatic locale detection: opinionated, and best done on the server.
Translation SaaS software: you are responsible to understand the external tools of your choice.
Translation of slugs: technically complicated, little SEO value.

Translation workflow#

Overview#

Overview of the workflow to create a translated Docusaurus website:

Configure: declare the default locale and alternative locales in docusaurus.config.js.
Translate: put the translation files at the correct file-system location.
Deploy: build and deploy your site using a single or multi-domain strategy.

Translation files#

You will have to work with 2 kind of translation files.

Markdown files#

This is the main content of your Docusaurus website.

Markdown and MDX documents are translated as a whole, to fully preserve the translation context, instead of splitting each sentence as a separate string.

JSON files#

JSON is used to translate:

your React code: using the <Translate> component
your theme: the navbar, footer...
your plugins: the docs sidebar category labels...

The JSON format used is called Chrome i18n:

{
  "myTranslationKey1": {
    "message": "Translated message 1",
    "description": "myTranslationKey1 is used on the homepage"
  },
  "myTranslationKey2": {
    "message": "Translated message 2",
    "description": "myTranslationKey2 is used on the FAQ page"
  }
}

The choice was made for 2 reasons:

Description attribute: to help translators with additional context.
Widely supported: Chrome extensions, Crowdin, Transifex, Phrase, Applanga...

Translation files location#

The translation files should be created at the correct file-system location.

Each locale and plugin has its own i18n subfolder:

website/i18n/<locale>/<pluginName>/...

note

For multi-instance plugins, the path is website/i18n/<locale>/<pluginName>-<pluginId>/....

Translating a very simple Docusaurus site in French would lead to the following tree:

website/i18n
└── fr
    ├── code.json
    │
    ├── docusaurus-plugin-content-blog
    │   └── 2020-01-01-hello.md
    │
    ├── docusaurus-plugin-content-docs
    │   ├── current #
    │   │   ├── doc1.md
    │   │   └── doc2.mdx
    │   └── current.json
    │
    └── docusaurus-theme-classic
        ├── footer.json
        └── navbar.json

The JSON files are initialized with the docusaurus write-translations CLI command.

The code.json file is extracted from React components using the <Translate> api.

info

Notice that the docusaurus-plugin-content-docs plugin has a current subfolder and a current.json file, useful for the docs versioning feature.

Each content plugin or theme is different, and define its own translation files location: